Tannen Marked Women Reflection — 12/19

                 In Tannen's piece "There Is No Unmarked Woman," she discusses how all women are marked women. Unlike men, women always have a label to them. The way they dress, speak, or act generate labels that people may seem to be appropriate. Although this may be true, Tannen's claim is not entirely true. Depending on how a man looks and acts, people "mark" them. In the Trayvon Martin case, he was an African American boy who was fatally shot because he had his hood on. The neighborhood watch volunteer, George Zimmerman, labeled Martin as a "suspicious person."As a result, Zimmerman shot this 17 year-old boy, who was unarmed. The only items he had was a pack of Skittles and iced tea. Additionally, if a man is very animated and uses a lot of gestures when speaking, they can be labelled as "gay." Although these first impressions are unfair, it is what happens everyday. Just like women, men are also affected by "markedness."

Pillow Angel Reflection — 12/4

                  Ashely was a six year old girl who had a rare brain disease called static encephalopathy. Her parents decided to put her under treatment to make it easier for them to take care of her as she grows up. They took it upon themselves to remove Ashely's breast buds and uterus to eliminate pain that will come as she gets older, and high doses of estrogen to stunt her growth. Although her parents mean well, their decisions were too extreme and unethical. These procedures would make Ashely have the body of a 6 year old forever. Although Ashley was only 6, she still has her own natural rights. She never gave her parents consent to make these permanent changes to her body, and her parents didn't respect her body. People who have brain damage develop a lot slower than regular people, so making irreversible changes so early in life is a "medical form of identity theft." Additionally, Ashely's parents are depriving Ashely of an enjoyable life because they assumed she would never have a job or a significant other, so doing this was good since she wouldn't have to endure the social consequences of being small. Arlene Mayerson, an expert in disability rights law said, "Medicine's role is to relieve pain and improve function, but Ashley was not sick, and the treatment was untested..." This suggested that the positive results her parents and other doctors wanted are not guaranteed, so they may be wasting their time and money on these treatments. If someone had the same condition as Ashley, their parents may not want to remove parts of their body to make it easier on their part. If her treatment was accepted by society, her case would not be controversial. Brain damaged patients can still function properly, so this is more of a social issue her parents wanted to avoid, rather than a medical issue. Ashely's parents wanted to protect her from harm's way, but they are inhibiting her from living to her full potential.

Logical Fallacies — 11/27

                       Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that makes an argument invalid or unsound. One type of logical fallacy is loaded question. A loaded question contains an unjustified assumption about someone in order to make them look guilty and to weaken their character. The question is usually answered in a "yes" or "no" format, so people often find themselves in a trap and they feel compelled to defend themselves, which can make them appeared flustered. For example, the question can be, "Are you still cheating on me?" If the person answers "yes" then they admit to the cheating. If they answer "no" then it implies that they have cheated in the past before, but stopped doing it. Using loaded question is effective because the question can throw your opponent off when you ask them about a false claim you made up about them. This makes them look bad because they are denying what you have said. You can see loaded questions in debates, advertisements, editorial cartoons, and even interviews. In a 60 Minute show in 1996, Madeline Albright, a UN Ambassador, regretted answering a loaded question. She was asked a question regarding the US sanctions against Iraq; her interviewer said, "We have heard that a half million children have died. I mean, that is more children than died in Hiroshima. And, you know, is the price worth it?"Albright said, "I think that is a very hard choice, but the price, we think, the price is worth it." The question threw her off and made her say something she didn't mean to say. She later reflected on herself and wished she challenged the question instead. 

Social Media — 11/21

             Before you even open your eyes, you reach for the phone that is right next to your bed. You immediately check Facebook and Instagram to see the latest news or what your friends did yesterday night. Social media is incorporated into almost everyone's daily routine, regardless of their age. It is an easy way to connect with people from your town or another part of the world. This seamless connection is dangerous in retrospect. Young girls and boys are putting their private information online where anyone can see or hack into easily. Strangers can see what they look like, how old they are, and even where they live. This can put users at risk. In addition, many young teens specifically, compare themselves to the people they see online. They start comparing themselves to the person on their screen. Suddenly, they see fat thighs, rolls on their stomach, and a big nose. Their flaws make them feel insecure and like something is wrong with them. This is very dangerous because people are comparing themselves to a picture that has been retouched. Some people think the person looks like that in real life and they start having unrealistic expectations for themselves. Down the road, boys and girls can develop distorted body images and even eating disorders. Social media has also been used to bully people. Many LGBTQ teens have died because of their sexual orientation. The people hiding behind a screen managed to make them kill themselves. People waste their time sending cruel messages and tormenting others in hopes of making themselves feel better about themselves. Many people use and abuse social media and doing so can put themselves or others out in the open for anyone with access to Wifi to see. 

The Wisdom of Psychopaths Reflection — 11/7

           When people hear the word "psychopath", they usually think of someone who kills people with no remorse. But surprisingly, psychopathic attributes are more common in regular  people such as business leaders than actual psychopaths. Like psychopaths, business leaders are persuasive, lack empathy, and have superficial charm. In an experiment done by Harvard researcher Stanley Rachman, he discovered that bomb disposal operatives also have something in common with psychopaths: they both remain a cool composure under pressure. He had two groups: bomb disposal operatives who are decorated and those who are not. After having them complete tasks that required immense amounts of concentration, the decorated bomb disposal operatives' heart rates actually decreased. They were able to go into a state of "cold, meditative focus" where they become one with the device they were working on. The other operatives' heart rates remained stable. This discovery was shocking and fascinating because even though the two groups had at least ten years of experience in this field, the decorated group had an characteristic worth noting: confidence. Receiving accolades for their "courageous/fearless behavior" reinforced and enhanced their belief in themselves, thus the complex tasks were nothing to them. Both psychopaths and bomb defusers are insusceptible to the most minuscule amounts of anxiety. After reading this text, it seems that there may be more "psychopaths" among us than we know.

Money Rhetoric Reflection — 10/23

It can be argued whether money does more harm than good. Money allows us to live comfortable lives, but it can also cause purses to be stolen and banks to be robbed. In an excerpt from "On the Want of Money," William Hazlitt believes that although money is a necessity, surrounding your life around money can make it problematic. Hazlitt uses rhetorical strategies to further his claim that money can be a mental weight. He uses pathos to make the reader rethink their life. He says, "to be in want of it is to pass through life with little credit or pleasure; it is to live out of the world or to be despised if you come into it." This elicits feelings of depression and sadness.The reader may think, "Am I wasting my life because it is surrounded by money?" or "Is money ruining my relationships?" Because of money, people are unhappy with their lives. Hazlitt also uses diction effectively to explain himself. He says, "to be a burden to your relations, or unable to do anything for them; to be ashamed to venture into crowds." Words like burden and ashamed have connotative meanings. By using words that have negative connotations, they illustrate the feelings of failure people may experience because they struggle with money. Hazlitt also incorporates imagery. Towards the end of the essay, he paints a life that is ruled by money. The person will grow to be “dissatisfied with every one” but mostly with themselves. People will “crowd around your coffin, and raise a monument at a considerable expense, and after a lapse of time, to commemorate your genius and your misfortunes!” This shows that greed takes over your life, causing it to crumble, and suggests that your death won’t even matter much. Money is good if there is a balance, but too much of can be dangerous.

Clinton and Trump's Speech — 9/25

               Clinton and Trump's speech were different and similar in many ways. Clinton used more ethos, while Trump used more logos. Both of them used pathos, but in different ways.
               Clinton uses ethos by making herself relatable, likable, and credible. In her speech, Clinton talks about how her family didn't have things handed to them, and had to use whatever resources they had to build a better life. Her father painted silk screens and her mother worked as a house maid. Through her parents' struggles, Clinton learned that no one goes through life alone. This message is prevalent throughout her speech and it reassures everyone that they have support and help. The audience was able to feel a sense of unity and patriotism. Clinton also showed her credibility through her prior experience in the government. She has served eight years as a senator of New York, was the First Lady, and was Secretary of State. Her experience instills confidence in her voters in that it proves that she is fit to be president. Although Clinton's speech makes the audience feel like they are not fighting their battle alone, she fails to mention her plans to bring about change.
                Trump used logos to make the audience think about the cold, hard facts, and realize how many problems need to be fixed. He presented a lot of statistics and data to prove his point and to make the audience aware of the current pressing issues. For example, Trump said, "Nearly 180,000 illegal immigrants with criminal records, ordered deported from our country, are tonight roaming free to threaten peaceful citizens." He then talks about a girl, Sarah Root, who died because of an illegal immigrant.  Unlike Clinton, Trump presented his plans to correct these wrongs. To protect ourselves from serious issues like terrorism, we should come together with our Allies to defeat ISIS. Trump also speaks with conviction. He said, "So to every parent who dreams for their child, and every child who dreams for their future, I say these words to you tonight: I’m With You, and I will fight for you, and I will win for you." This sentence can leave a lasting impression on the audience that he will do everything in his power to follow through with his promises.
             Both presidential candidates' speeches have similarities. Clinton and Trump both use pathos to appeal to the audience. Clinton uses pathos to give reassurance to her followers. She used phrases like "Let's keep going" and "We will empower Americans to live better lives". Words like "empower" and "better" have positive connotations and we feel a sense of strength and hope for the future. This makes her speech appeal to pathos and attract those who are guided by their emotions. Trump uses pathos to provoke higher levels of feelings like fear. He uses the fact "Syria is engulfed in a civil war and a refugee crisis that now threatens the West." because of the negative connotation of words like "crisis" and "threatens" leave an impact on us. We may be fearful about the  Clinton and Trump both shared anecdotes about their experience with certain people. Clinton mentioned Lauren Manning, a victim of 9/11, to emphasize how she is motivated by the people of America to work as hard as she does. Trump mentions Sarah Root, a 21-year old girl who was killed by an illegal immigrant a day after she graduated, to accentuate how crossing the border harms the US.

Bush's 9/11 Speech — 9/17

                      Bush's 9/11 speech was very heartfelt and inspiring. The reader was able to feel the immense pain and damages the terrorist attacks caused, but also made the reader feel that hope was still possible.  The magnitude of the attack affected people both directly and indirectly. Tall buildings and structures were collapsing, fires were burning strongly, and the entire city was in chaos. Most people who were at or near the Twin Towers suddenly had their lives taken away. Those who were in New York City also suffered breathing problems because of all the debris and smoke all over the city. Children no longer had a father figure to look up to, nor had a mother to show them unconditional love. The speech appealed to pathos because it strongly conveyed a message that even though the city experienced a horrific and deadly event in history, our country will overcome it and become greater. The terrorists tried to instill fear in our nation, but failed because our country is stronger than that. The day our freedom was under attack had a long lasting effect on everyone around the world to this day.